Type 316 (UNS S31600)
Description
Type 316 is a chromium nickel austenitic stainless steel containing molybdenum. The molybdenum addition enhances the corrosion resistance over that of 304 in halide environments as well as in reducing acids such as sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Type 316 can be dual certified as 316L when the composition meets the lower carbon limit of 316L. Type 316L should be specified for welded applications as the low carbon version eliminates chromium carbide precipitation and enhances the corrosion resistance in the as-welded condition.
Type 316 resists atmospheric corrosion as well as in moderately oxidizing environments. It also resists corrosion in marine atmospheres and has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition. Type 316 has excellent strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Type 316 is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but may become slightly magnetic as a result of severe cold working.
Chemical Composition
Chemical Composition (wt%) limits as specified in ASTM A276 and ASME SA276*
| Carbon | 0.08 | Manganese | 2.00 |
| Chromium | 16.0-18.0 | Silicon | 1.00 |
| Nickel | 10.0-14.0 | Phosphorus | 0.045 |
| Molybdenum | 2.00-3.00 | Sulfur | 0.030 |
*Maximum, unless range is indicated
Physical Properties
Physical properties for Type 316 Stainless Steel
| Density, lb/in3 | 0.290 |
| Modulus of Elasticity, psi | 29 x 106 |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 68-212˚F, /˚F | 9.2 x 10-6 |
| Thermal Conductivity, Btu/ft hr ˚F | 9.4 |
| Specific Heat, Btu/lb ˚F | 0.12 |
| Electrical Resistivity, Microhm-in | 29.4 |
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical property requirements for hot finished product as specified in ASTM A276 and ASME SA276
| Yield Strength, min. (ksi) | 30 |
| Tensile Strength, min. (ksi) | 75 |
| Elongation, min. (%) | 40 |
Standards
Typical standards for Type 316 Stainless Steel
| ASTM A276 |
| ASTM A479 |
| ASME SA276 |
| ASME SA 479 |